Re-introduction of Arabian oryx into Wadi Rum Protected Area, Jordan

Summary

Wadi Rum Protected Area, a 720 square kilometre expanse of sand dunes and sandstone mountains in southern Jordan, holds cultural significance for the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) dating back to 6,000-year-old rock drawings. The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature began a re-introduction program in 2002 under contract with the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority, initially transferring ten oryx from Shaumari Reserve in northern Jordan to a 4 square kilometre enclosure to assess adaptation. In 2005 a 25-day experimental release tested oryx behavior around tourism and livestock activity and found strong support among local Bedouin communities, though it also showed a need for secured funding and cross-border coordination with Saudi Arabia. More than nine animals died falling from cliffs in the original enclosure, prompting a move to an improved 18 square kilometre enclosure in the reserve's wilderness zone; the first captive birth was recorded in February 2006. As of the report, oryx remained in managed enclosures rather than free-ranging, with satellite-tracked release still being planned in partnership with Environment Agency Abu Dhabi. The project rated itself Partially Successful, citing a poorly chosen first enclosure site, insufficient genetic information on the founding herd, and inadequate early attention to habitat suitability as the main shortfalls to address before full release.